Accessing Resources via Hierarchical Exploration of Topic Areas

INTERNATIONAL POLITICS, MIGRATION AND ETHNICITY

Carothers, T. (2013). Assessing Democracy Assistance: The Case of Romania. Brookings Institution Press.
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1mtz66k

Castles, S., & Miller, M. J. (1998). Immigrant Politics. In S. Castles & M. J. Miller (Eds.), The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World (pp. 253–282). Macmillan Education UK.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26846-7_10

Election Commission Urged to Grant Postal Ballot Rights to Migrant Labourers. (2020, July 20).
https://thewire.in/government/election-commission-urged-to-grant-postal-ballot-rights-to-migrant-labourers

Förster, A. (2018). Ethnic heterogeneity and electoral turnout: Evidence from linking neighbourhood data with individual voter data. Electoral Studies, 53, 57–65.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2018.03.002

1. DEMOS BOUNDARIES GENERALLY ⏵

Bauböck, R. (2007). Stakeholder Citizenship and Transnational Political Participation. A Normative Evaluation of External Voting. Fordham Law Review, 75(5), 2447.

Bauböck, R. (2015). Morphing the Demos into the right shape. Normative principles for enfranchising resident aliens and expatriate citizens. Democratization, 22(5), 820–839.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2014.988146

Beckman, L. (2014). The Subjects of Collectively Binding Decisions: Democratic Inclusion and Extraterritorial Law. Ratio Juris, 27(2), 252–270.
https://doi.org/10.1111/raju.12038

Bohman, J. (2005). From Demos to Demoi: Democracy across Borders. Ratio Juris, 18(3), 293–314.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9337.2005.00300.x

Erman, E. (2014). The Boundary Problem and the Ideal of Democracy. Constellations, 21(4), 535–546.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8675.12116

Koenig‐Archibugi, M. (2012). Fuzzy citizenship in global society. Journal of Political Philosophy, 20(4), 456–480.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9760.2011.00405.x

Owen, D. (2018). Populus, demos and self-rule. In R. Bauböck (Ed.), Democratic inclusion: Rainer Bauböck in dialogue. Manchester University Press.
https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526105257.00013

Saunders, B. (2012). Defining the demos. Politics, Philosophy & Economics, 11(3), 280–301.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1470594X11416782

Song, S. (2012). The boundary problem in democratic theory: Why the demos should be bounded by the state. International Theory, 4(1), 39–68.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1752971911000248

1.1 All-affected

Arrhenius, G. (2018). The democratic boundary problem reconsidered. Ethics, Politics & Society, 1.
https://doi.org/10.21814/eps.1.1.52

Bauböck, R. (2018). Democratic inclusion: Rainer Bauböck in dialogue. Manchester University Press.
https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526105257

Bengtson, A. (2020a). Dead People and the All‐Affected Principle. Journal of Applied Philosophy, 37(1), 89–102.
https://doi.org/10.1111/japp.12378

Bengtson, A. (2020b). The All-Affected Principle and the Question of Asymmetry. Political Research Quarterly, 37(1), 89–102.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912920938142

Bengtson, A., & Lippert-Rasmussen, K. (2021). Why the all-affected principle is groundless. Journal of Moral Philosophy, 18(6), 571–596.
https://doi.org/10.1163/17455243-20213473

Frazer, M. L. (2014). Including the Unaffected. Journal of Political Philosophy, 22(4), 377–395.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jopp.12024

Fumagalli, C. (2018). Democratic representation and democratic sanctions. Representation, 54(3), 201–219.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2018.1502207

Fung, A. (2013). The Principle of Affected Interests: An Interpretation and Defense. In J. Nagel & R. Smith (Eds.), Representation: Elections and Beyond (pp. 236–268). University of Pennsylvania Press.
https://doi.org/10.9783/9780812208177.236

Goodin, R. E. (2007). Enfranchising All Affected Interests, and Its Alternatives. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 35(1), 40–68.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1088-4963.2007.00098.x

Heyward, C. (2008). Can the all-affected principle include future persons? Green deliberative democracy and the non-identity problem. Environmental Politics, 17(4), 625–643.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09644010802193591

Miklosi, Z. (2012). Against the Principle of All-Affected Interests. Social Theory and Practice, 38(3), 483–503.
https://doi.org/10.5840/soctheorpract201238326

Näsström, S. (2011). The Challenge of the All-Affected Principle. Political Studies, 59(1), 116–134.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2010.00845.x

Owen, D. (2012). Constituting the polity, constituting the demos: On the place of the all affected interests principle in democratic theory and in resolving the democratic boundary problem. Ethics & Global Politics, 5(3), 129–152.
https://doi.org/10.3402/egp.v5i3.18617

Rosenberg, J. H. (2020). The All-Affected Principle Reconsidered. Social Theory and Practice, 46(4), 847–867.

Saunders, B. (2013). Scottish Independence and the All-Affected Interests Principle. Politics, 33(1), 47–55.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9256.2012.01452.x

Schaffer, J. K. (2012). The boundaries of transnational democracy: Alternatives to the all-affected principle. Review of International Studies, 38(2), 321–342.

Simcock, N. (2014). Exploring how stakeholders in two community wind projects use a “those affected” principle to evaluate the fairness of each project’s spatial boundary. Local Environment, 19(3), 241–258.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2013.788482

Song, S. (2012). The boundary problem in democratic theory: Why the demos should be bounded by the state. International Theory, 4(1), 39–68.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1752971911000248

Tännsjö, T. (2007). Future people, the all affected principle, and the limits of the aggregation model of democracy. In T. Rønnow-Rasmussen, D. Egonnson, J. Josefsson, & B. Petersson (Eds.), Hommage à Wlodek. Philosophical Papers Dedicated to Wlodek Rabinowicz. Lund University.

1.2 All-subjected

Abizadeh, A. (2008). Democratic Theory and Border Coercion: No Right to Unilaterally Control Your Own Borders. Political Theory, 36(1), 37–65.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591707310090

Andrić, V. (2021). Is the All-Subjected Principle Extensionally Adequate? Res Publica, 27, 387–407.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11158-020-09479-9

Arrhenius, G. (2018). The democratic boundary problem reconsidered. Ethics, Politics & Society, 1.
https://doi.org/10.21814/eps.1.1.52

Beckman, L. (2008). Democratic Inclusion, Law, and Causes. Ratio Juris, 21(3), 348–364.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9337.2008.00394.x

Bengtson, A. (2022). Where Democracy Should Be: On the Site (s) of the All-Subjected Principle. Res Publica, 28, 69–84.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11158-021-09511-6

Goodin, R. E. (2016). Enfranchising All Subjected, Worldwide. International Theory, 8(3), 365–389.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1752971916000105

Honohan, I. (2018). Republicanism and the all subjected principle as the basis of democratic membership. In R. Bauböck (Ed.), Democratic inclusion: Rainer Bauböck in dialogue. Manchester University Press.
https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526105257.00011

Hultin Rosenberg, J. (2020). Democracy, respect for judgement and disagreement on democratic inclusion. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 26(4), 506–527.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2020.1772604

Karlsson Schaffer, J. (2006). Affected and Subjected: The All-Affected Principle in Transnational Democratic Theory (p. 32). University of Gotenburg.
Http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2274644

Lopez-Guerra, C. (2005). Should Expatriates Vote? Journal of Political Philosophy, 13(2), 216–234.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00221.x

Valentini, L. (2014). No Global Demos, No Global Democracy? A Systematization and Critique. Perspectives on Politics, 12(4), 789–807.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592714002138

2. MIGRATION AND VOTING ⏵

Beckman, L. (2006). Citizenship and Voting Rights: Should Resident Aliens Vote? Citizenship Studies, 10(2), 153–165.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13621020600633093

Beckman, L. (2013). Irregular migration and democracy: The case for inclusion. Citizenship Studies, 17(1), 48–60.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2012.669964

Häggrot, M. C. (2018). The right to vote and nomadic voter enrolment. Citizenship Studies, 22(7), 725–744.
https://doi.org/https//doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2018.1508417

2.1 Immigrant voting

Arrighi, J.-T., & Bauböck, R. (2017). A multilevel puzzle: Migrants’ voting rights in national and local elections. European Journal of Political Research, 56(3), 619–639.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12176

Batista, C., & Vicente, P. C. (2011). Do Migrants Improve Governance at Home? Evidence from a Voting Experiment. The World Bank Economic Review, 25(1), 77–104.
https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhr009

Bauböck, R. (2007). Stakeholder Citizenship and Transnational Political Participation. A Normative Evaluation of External Voting. Fordham Law Review, 75(5), 2447.

Beckman, L. (2006). Citizenship and Voting Rights: Should Resident Aliens Vote? Citizenship Studies, 10(2), 153–165.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13621020600633093

Finn, V. (2020). Migrant voting: Here, there, in both countries, or nowhere. Citizenship Studies, 24(6), 730–750.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2020.1745154

Goerres, A., Mayer, S. J., & Spies, D. C. (2020). Immigrant voters against their will: A focus group analysis of identities, political issues and party allegiances among German resettlers during the 2017 bundestag election campaign. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 46(7), 1205–1222.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2018.1503527

Hammar, T. (1990). Democracy and the nation state: Aliens, denizens, and citizens in a world of international migration. Avebury ; Gower Pub. Co.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315258218

Jacobs, D. (1999). The debate over enfranchisement of foreign residents in Belgium. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 25(4), 649–663.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.1999.9976708

Migrant workers still exploited in southern Italy, says NGO. (2020, July 20). InfoMigrants.
https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/26120/migrant-workers-still-exploited-in-southern-italy-says-ngo

Owen, D. (2018). Populus, demos and self-rule. In R. Bauböck (Ed.), Democratic inclusion: Rainer Bauböck in dialogue. Manchester University Press.
https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526105257.00013

Street, A., & Schönwälder, K. (2019). Understanding support for immigrant political representation: Evidence from German cities. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 47(11), 2650–2667.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2019.1576513

Volacu, A. (2019). Drepturile electorale ale migrantilor în România: O asimetrie nejustificatã. Perspective Politice, 12(1–2), 63–74.

2.2 Anti-immigrant voting ⏵

Art, D. (2011). Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe. Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511976254

Boomgaarden, H. G., & Vliegenthart, R. (2007). Explaining the rise of anti-immigrant parties: The role of news media content. Electoral Studies, 26(2), 404–417.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2006.10.018

Brug, W. V. D., Fennema, M., & Tillie, J. (2000). Anti-immigrant Parties in Europe: Ideological or Protest Vote? European Journal of Political Research, 37(1), 77–102.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.00505

Damstra, A., Jacobs, L., Boukes, M., & Vliegenhart, R. (2021). Full article: The impact of immigration news on anti-immigrant party support: Unpacking agenda-setting and issue ownership effects over time. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 31(1), 97–118.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2019.1607863

Erlingsson, G. Ó., Loxbo, K., & Öhrvall, R. (2012). Anti-Immigrant Parties, Local Presence and Electoral Success. Local Government Studies, 38(6), 817–839.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2012.740411

Pedroza, L. (2013). Policy framing and denizen enfranchisement in Portugal: Why some migrant voters are more equal than others. Citizenship Studies, 17(6–7), 852–872.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2013.834140

2.2.1 Empirics

Burscher, B., van Spanje, J., & de Vreese, C. H. (2015). Owning the issues of crime and immigration: The relation between immigration and crime news and anti-immigrant voting in 11 countries. Electoral Studies, 38, 59–69.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2015.03.001

Harris, A., Findley, M., Noyes, K., & Nielson, D. (n.d.). The Economic Roots of Anti-immigrant Prejudice in the Global South: Evidence from South Africa. Political Research Quarterly, 71(1), 228–241.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912917734062

Hjerm, M. (n.d.). Anti-Immigrant Attitudes and Cross-Municipal Variation in the Proportion of Immigrants. Acta Sociologica, 52(1), 47–62.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0001699308100633

Loxbo, K. (2014). Voters’ Perceptions of Policy Convergence and the Short‐term Opportunities of Anti‐immigrant Parties: Examples from Sweden. Scandinavian Political Studies, 37(3), 239–262.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9477.12025

Matthes, J., & Schmuck, D. (n.d.). The Effects of Anti-Immigrant Right-Wing Populist Ads on Implicit and Explicit Attitudes: A Moderated Mediation Model. Communication Research, 44(4), 556–581.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650215577859

Meleady, R., Seger, C. R., & Vermue, M. (2017). Examining the role of positive and negative intergroup contact and anti-immigrant prejudice in Brexit. British Journal of Social Psychology, 56(4), 799–808.
https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12203

Nowicka, M. (2018). Cultural Precarity: Migrants’ Positionalities in the Light of Current Anti-immigrant Populism in Europe. Journal of Intercultural Studies, 39(5), 527–542.
https://doi.org/10.1080/07256868.2018.1508006

Schmuck, D., & Matthes, J. (2017). Effects of Economic and Symbolic Threat Appeals in Right-Wing Populist Advertising on Anti-Immigrant Attitudes: The Impact of Textual and Visual Appeals. Political Communication, 34(4), 607–626.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2017.1316807

Schwartz, C., Simon, M., Hudson, D., & van-Heerde-Hudson, J. (2021). A Populist Paradox? How Brexit Softened Anti-Immigrant Attitudes. British Journal of Political Science, 51(3), 1160–1180.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123419000656

Valdez, S. (2014). Visibility and votes: A spatial analysis of anti-immigrant voting in Sweden. Migration Studies, 2(2), 162–188.
https://doi.org/10.1093/migration/mnu029

2.3 Migrant integration

Bennett, S. (2018). Constructions of Migrant Integration in British Public Discourse: Becoming British. Bloomsbury Publishing.

Chaudhary, A. R. (2018). Voting here and there: Political integration and transnational political engagement among immigrants in Europe. Global Networks, 18(3), 437–460.
https://doi.org/10.1111/glob.12171

Erdal, M. B., & Oeppen, C. (2013). Migrant Balancing Acts: Understanding the Interactions Between Integration and Transnationalism. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 39(6), 867–884.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2013.765647

Gregurović, S., & Župarić‐Iljić, D. (2018). Comparing the Incomparable? Migrant Integration Policies and Perplexities of Comparison. International Migration, 56(3), 105–122.
https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12435

Hunter, A., & Boswell, C. (2015). Comparing the Political Functions of Independent Commissions: The Case of UK Migrant Integration Policy. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 17(1), 10–25.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2014.896117

Larin, S. J. (2020). Is it really about values? Civic nationalism and migrant integration. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 46(1), 127–141.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2019.1591943

Lindstrom, D. P. (2019). Mexican Migrant Integration in the United States, 1965–2015. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 684(1), 85–104.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716219856878

Merelo, G. (2018). A ritual of integration: Power, elections and cultural reconstruction among Mexican migrants in New Zealand. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 27(2), 127–147.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0117196818766090

Scholten, P., Collett, E., & Petrovic, M. (2017). Mainstreaming migrant integration? A critical analysis of a new trend in integration governance. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 83(2), 283–302.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852315612902

Scholten, P., & Verbeek, S. (2015). Politicization and expertise: Changing research–policy dialogues on migrant integration in Europe. Science and Public Policy, 42(2), 188–200.
https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scu040

2.4 Migrant workers

Constable, N. (2009). Migrant Workers and the Many States of Protest in Hong Kong. Critical Asian Studies, 41(1), 143–164.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14672710802631202

Fidrmuc, J., & Doyle, O. (2004). Voice of the Diaspora: An Analysis of Migrant Voting Behavior (ID 614865). Centre for Economic Policy Research.

McGeehan, N., & Keane, D. (2008). Enforcing Migrant Workers’ Rights in the United Arab Emirates. International Journal on Minority and Group Rights, 15(1), 81–115.
https://doi.org/10.1163/138548708X272537

Migrant workers still exploited in southern Italy, says NGO. (2020, July 20). InfoMigrants.
https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/26120/migrant-workers-still-exploited-in-southern-italy-says-ngo

Saroor, S. (2003). Advocating for the Voting Rights of Sri Lankan Migrant Workers. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 12(1–2), 209–216.
https://doi.org/10.1177/011719680301200109

2.5 Voting rights for migrants

Abizadeh, A. (2008). Democratic Theory and Border Coercion: No Right to Unilaterally Control Your Own Borders. Political Theory, 36(1), 37–65.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591707310090

Bauböck, R. (2007). Stakeholder Citizenship and Transnational Political Participation. A Normative Evaluation of External Voting. Fordham Law Review, 75(5), 2447.

Beckman, L. (2006). Citizenship and Voting Rights: Should Resident Aliens Vote? Citizenship Studies, 10(2), 153–165.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13621020600633093

Frum, D. (2019, February 23). What Does It Mean to Be a Canadian Citizen? The Atlantic.
https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/02/should-expats-always-be-able-vote-home-country/583318/

Goodin, R. E. (2007). Enfranchising All Affected Interests, and Its Alternatives. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 35(1), 40–68.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1088-4963.2007.00098.x

Hochschild, J., Chattopadhyay, J., Gay, C., & Jones-Correa, M. (Eds.). (2013). Outsiders no more?: Models of immigrant political incorporation. Oxford University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199311316.001.0001

Jacobs, D. (1999). The debate over enfranchisement of foreign residents in Belgium. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 25(4), 649–663.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.1999.9976708

Lafleur, J.-M. (2011). Why do states enfranchise citizens abroad? Comparative insights from Mexico, Italy and Belgium. Global Networks, 11(4), 481–501.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2011.00332.x

Owen, D. (2018). Populus, demos and self-rule. In R. Bauböck (Ed.), Democratic inclusion: Rainer Bauböck in dialogue. Manchester University Press.
https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526105257.00013

Saunders, B. (2012). Defining the demos. Politics, Philosophy & Economics, 11(3), 280–301.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1470594X11416782

2.6 Expatriate voting ⏵

2.6.1 Expatriate enfranchisement ⏵

Beckman, L. (2006). Citizenship and Voting Rights: Should Resident Aliens Vote? Citizenship Studies, 10(2), 153–165.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13621020600633093

2.6.1.1 Empirics ⏵

Blais, A., Massicotte, L., & Yoshinaka, A. (2001). Deciding who has the right to vote: A comparative analysis of election laws. In Electoral Studies (Vol. 20, Issue 1, pp. 41–62).
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(99)00062-1

Ciornei, I., & Østergaard-Nielsen, E. (2020). Transnational turnout. Determinants of emigrant voting in home country elections. In Political Geography (Vol. 78, p. 102145).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2020.102145

Collard, S. (2019). The UK Politics of Overseas Voting. The Political Quarterly, 90(4), 672–680.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923X.12729

Guarnizo, L. E., Chaudhary, A. R., & Sørensen, N. N. (2017). Migrants’ transnational political engagement in Spain and Italy. Migration Studies, 7(3), 281–322.
https://doi.org/10.1093/migration/mnx061

Hutcheson, D. S., & Arrighi, J.-T. (2015). “Keeping Pandora’s (ballot) box half-shut”: A comparative inquiry into the institutional limits of external voting in EU Member States. Democratization, 22(5), 884–905.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2014.979161

Lee, C. (2020). Nation v. State: Constitutionalizing Transnational Nationhood, Creating Ethnizens, and Engaging with Kin-Foreigners in Europe and Asia. Asian Journal of Law and Society, 7(1), 5–38.
https://doi.org/10.1017/als.2019.23

Levitt, P., & de la Dehesa, R. (2003). Transnational migration and the redefinition of the state: Variations and explanations. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 26(4), 587–611.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0141987032000087325

Østergaard-Nielsen, E., & Ciornei, I. (2017). Making the absent present: Political parties and emigrant issues in country of origin parliaments. Party Politics, 25(2), 153–166.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068817697629

2.6.1.1.1 Descriptive data

Arrighi, J.-T., & Lafleur, J.-M. (2019). Where and why can expatriates vote in regional elections? A comparative analysis of regional electoral practices in Europe and North America. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 45(4), 517–538.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2017.1409164

Caramani, D., & Grotz, F. (2015). Beyond citizenship and residence? Exploring the extension of voting rights in the age of globalization. Democratization, 22(5), 799–819.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2014.981668

Collyer, M. (2014). A geography of extra-territorial citizenship: Explanations of external voting. Migration Studies, 2(1), 55–72.
https://doi.org/10.1093/migration/mns008

Ellis, A., Navarro, C., Morales, I., Gratschew, M., & Braun, N. (2007). Voting from abroad: The international IDEA handbook. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance/The Federal Electoral Institute of Mexico.

Escobar, C., Arana, R., & McCann, J. A. (2015). Expatriate voting and migrants’ place of residence: Explaining transnational participation in Colombian elections. Migration Studies, 3(1), 1–31.
https://doi.org/10.1093/migration/mnt030

Goldberg, A. C., & Lanz, S. (2019). Living abroad, voting as if at home? Electoral motivations of expatriates. Migration Studies, 9(2), 279–310.
https://doi.org/10.1093/migration/mnz018

Lafleur, J.-M. (2015). The enfranchisement of citizens abroad: Variations and explanations. Democratization, 22(5), 840–860.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2014.979163

Tager, M. (2006). Expatriates and elections. Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies, 15(1), 35–60.
https://doi.org/10.3138/diaspora

2.6.1.1.2 Causes and effects research

Collyer, M., & Vathi, Z. (2007). Patterns of Extraterritorial Voting (Working Paper T22). Department Research Centre on MIgration, Globalisation, and Poverty.
https://www.gov.uk/dfid-research-outputs/working-paper-t22-patterns-of-extraterritorial-voting#citation

Lafleur, J.-M. (2015). The enfranchisement of citizens abroad: Variations and explanations. Democratization, 22(5), 840–860.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2014.979163

2.6.1.2 Normative views ⏵

Bach, J. (2011). Extending political rights to citizens abroad: Implications for the nation-state (Working Paper 2011–02). The New School.

Barry, K. (2006). Home and Away: The Construction of Citizenship in an Emigration Context. New York University Law Review, 81(1).

Bauböck, R. (2009). The rights and duties of external citizenship. Citizenship Studies, 13(5), 475–499.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13621020903174647

Bauböck, R. (2018). Democratic inclusion: Rainer Bauböck in dialogue. Manchester University Press.
https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526105257

Fitzgerald, D. (2006). Rethinking Emigrant Citzenship. New York University Law Review, 81(1).

Honohan, I. (2011). Should Irish emigrants have votes? External voting in Ireland. Irish Political Studies, 26(4), 545–561.
https://doi.org/10.1080/07907184.2011.619749

Mégrét, F. (2018, April 2). Why expatriates should be able to vote.
https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-why-expatriates-should-be-able-to-vote/

Owen, D. (2011). Transnational citizenship and the democratic state: Modes of membership and voting rights. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 14(5), 641–663.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2011.617123

Owen, D. (2014). Republicanism and the constitution of migrant statuses. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 17(1), 90–110.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2013.851485

Vasanthakumar, A. (2016). Exile Political Representation. Journal of Political Philosophy, 24(3), 277–296.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jopp.12083

2.6.1.2.1 Objections

Lopez-Guerra, C. (2005). Should Expatriates Vote? Journal of Political Philosophy, 13(2), 216–234.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00221.x

Rubio-Marin, R. (2006). Transnational politics and the democratic nation-state: Normative challenges of expatriate voting and nationality retention of emigrants. In New York University Law Review (Vol. 81, Issue 1, p. 117).

Spiro, P. J. (2006). Perfecting political diaspora. New York University Law Review, 81(1), 207–233.

2.6.1.2.2 Defenses ⏵

2.6.1.2.2.1 Subjection

Owen, D. (2010). Resident Aliens, Non-resident Citizens and Voting Rights: Towards a Pluralist Theory of Transnational Political Equality and Modes of Political Belonging. In G. Calder, C. Phillip, & J. Seglow (Eds.), Citizenship Acquisition and National Belonging. Migration, Minorities and Citizenship. Palgrave Macmillan.
https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230246775_4

2.6.1.2.2.2 Engaged/affected interests

Spiro, P. J. (2006). Perfecting political diaspora. New York University Law Review, 81(1), 207–233.

2.6.1.2.2.3 Democratic proceduralism

2.6.1.2.2.4 Context-specific defenses

Pogonyi, S. (2014). Four Patterns of Non-resident Voting Rights. Ethnopolitics, 13(2), 122–140.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17449057.2013.846041

2.6.2 Forms of expatriate representation ⏵

2.6.2.1 Empirics ⏵

Gamlen, A. (2008). The emigration state and the modern geopolitical imagination. Political Geography, 27(8), 840–856.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2008.10.004

2.6.2.1.1 Descriptive data

Collyer, M. (2014). Inside out? Directly elected ‘special representation’of emigrants in national legislatures and the role of popular sovereignty. Political Geography, 41, 64–73.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2014.01.002

Palop-García, P. (2018). Contained or represented? The varied consequences of reserved seats for emigrants in the legislatures of Ecuador and Colombia. In Comparative Migration Studies (Vol. 6, Issue 38).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-018-0101-7

Tager, M. (2006). Expatriates and elections. Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies, 15(1), 35–60.
https://doi.org/10.3138/diaspora

2.6.2.1.2 Correlational research

2.6.2.2 Normative views: discrete representation

Bauböck, R. (2007). Stakeholder Citizenship and Transnational Political Participation. A Normative Evaluation of External Voting. Fordham Law Review, 75(5), 2447.

Spiro, P. J. (2006). Perfecting political diaspora. New York University Law Review, 81(1), 207–233.

2.6.2.3 Normative views: assimilated representation

Bauböck, R. (2007). Stakeholder Citizenship and Transnational Political Participation. A Normative Evaluation of External Voting. Fordham Law Review, 75(5), 2447.

Spiro, P. J. (2006). Perfecting political diaspora. New York University Law Review, 81(1), 207–233.

2.7 Refugees and voting ⏵

2.7.1 Voting rights for refugees

Bender, F. (2021). Enfranchising the disenfranchised: Should refugees receive political rights in liberal democracies? Citizenship Studies, 25(1), 56–71.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2020.1825625

Džankić, J. (2018). Voting rights of refugees. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 31(1), 132–134.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09557571.2018.1439303

Steinmayr, A. (2016). Exposure to Refugees and Voting for the Far-Right: (Unexpected) Results from Austria (IZA Discussion Paper No. 9790). IZA Institute for Labor Economics.
Http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2750273

2.7.2 How refugees impact the vote

Altındağ, O., & Kaushal, N. (2020). Do refugees impact voting behavior in the host country? Evidence from Syrian refugee inflows to Turkey. Public Choice.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-019-00768-3

Fisunoğlu, A., & Sert, D. Ş. (2019). Refugees and Elections: The Effects of Syrians on Voting Behavior in Turkey. International Migration, 57(2), 298–312.
https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12455

Karacuka, M. (2021). Refugees and Votes: The Impact of Refugee Influx and Internet on Voting Decisions. Journal of Refugee Studies, 34(3), 2933–2959.

Schneider-Strawczynski, S. (2020). Hosting Refugees and Voting for the Far-Right: Evidence from France [Working paper]. Paris School of Economics.

3. DUAL CITIZENSHIP AND VOTING

Blatter, J. (2008). Dual Citizenship and Democracy (Glocal Governance and Democracy) [Working paper].
Http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3005978

Escobar, C. (2006). Dual Citizenship and Political Participation: Migrants in the Interplay of United States and Colombian Politics. In S. Oboler (Ed.), Latinos and Citizenship: The Dilemma of Belonging (pp. 113–141). Palgrave Macmillan.

O’Brien, J. R. (1998). U.S. Dual Citizen Voting Rights: A Critical Examination of Aleinikoff’s Solution. Georgetown Immigration Law Journal, 13, 573.

Sejersen, T. B. (2008). “I Vow to Thee my Countries” – The Expansion of Dual Citizenship in the 21st Century. International Migration Review, 42(3), 623–649.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2008.00136.x

Spiro, P. J. (2006). Dual Citizenship—A Postnational View.
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.901754

Vink, M., Schakel, A. H., Reichel, D., Luk, N. C., & de Groot, G.-R. (2019). The international diffusion of expatriate dual citizenship. Migration Studies, 7(3), 362–383.
https://doi.org/10.1093/migration/mnz011

4. ETHNIC VOTING ⏵

Adida, C., Combes, N., Lo, A., & Verink, A. (2016). The Spousal Bump: Do Cross-Ethnic Marriages Increase Political Support in Multiethnic Democracies? - Claire L. Adida, Nathan Combes, Adeline Lo, Alex Verink, 2016. Comparative Political Studies, 49(5), 635–661.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414015621080

Bergh, J., & Bjørklund, T. (2011). The Revival of Group Voting: Explaining the Voting Preferences of Immigrants in Norway. Political Studies, 59(2), 308–327.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2010.00863.x

Bloemraad, I., & Schönwälder, K. (2013). Immigrant and Ethnic Minority Representation in Europe: Conceptual Challenges and Theoretical Approaches. West European Politics, 36(3), 564–579.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2013.773724

Coakley, J., & Fraenkel, J. (2017). The Ethnic Implications of Preferential Voting. Government and Opposition, 52(4), 671–697.
https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2017.4

Houle, C. (2018). Does ethnic voting harm democracy? Democratization, 25(5), 824–842.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2017.1423055

Huber, J. D. (2012). Measuring Ethnic Voting: Do Proportional Electoral Laws Politicize Ethnicity? American Journal of Political Science, 56(4), 986–1001.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00601.x

Kuk, J., Hajnal, Z., & Lajevardi, N. (2020). A disproportionate burden: Strict voter identification laws and minority turnout. Politics, Groups, and Identities, 10(1), 126–134.
https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2020.1773280

Martin, J. (2020, June 10). LeBron James and Other Stars Form a Voting Rights Group. The New York Times.
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/10/us/politics/lebron-james-voting-rights.html

Nauman, B., & Edgecliffe-Johnson, A. (2020, July 12). ISS urges companies to disclose ethnicity of directors.
https://www.ft.com/content/b45f6a13-c8e6-484b-a75f-bb578178e87f

Reilly, B. (2021). Cross-Ethnic Voting: An Index of Centripetal Electoral Systems. Government and Opposition, 56(3), 465–484.
https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2019.36

Zingher, J. N., & Farrer, B. (2016). The electoral effects of the descriptive representation of ethnic minority groups in Australia and the UK. Party Politics, 22(6), 691–704.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068814556895

4.1 Empirics

Anwar, M. (1981). The ethnic vote: Mountains and molehills. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 9(2), 281–283.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.1981.9975693

Contreras, G., & Morales, M. (2018). Ethnic solidarity and the vote: Mapuche candidates and voters in Chile. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 44(11), 1954–1975.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2017.1371582

Ford, R., & Kootstra, A. (2017). Do white voters support welfare policies targeted at ethnic minorities? Experimental evidence from Britain. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 43(1), 80–101.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2016.1180969

Marcos-Marne, H. (2017). Minorities to the left: Ethno-linguistic identification and vote in Europe. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 43(15), 2634–2651.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2016.1274648

Mügge, L., Kranendonk, M., Vermeulen, F., & Aydemir, N. (2019). Migrant votes ‘here’ and ‘there’: Transnational electoral behavior of Turks in the Netherlands. Migration Studies, 9(3), 400–422.
https://doi.org/10.1093/migration/mnz034

5. MULTIETHNIC DEMOCRACY ⏵

5.1 Empirics

Arriola, L. R. (2013). Capital and Opposition in Africa: Coalition Building in Multiethnic Societies. World Politics, 65(2), 233–272.

Heyneman, S. P. (2000). From the Party/State to Multiethnic Democracy: Education and Social Cohesion in Europe and Central Asia. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 22(2), 173–191.
https://doi.org/10.3102/01623737022002173

Kiarie, W. J. (2004). Language and Multiparty Democracy in Multiethnic Kenya. Africa Today, 50(3), 55–74.

Stojanović, N. (2006). Do Multicultural Democracies Really Require PR? Counterevidence from Switzerland. Swiss Political Science Review, 12(4), 131–157.
https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1662-6370.2006.tb00063.x

Vanden, H. E., Funke, P. N., & Prevost, G. (2017). The New Global Politics: Global Social Movements in the Twenty-First Century. Taylor & Francis.

Veenendaal, W. (2020). Does Smallness Enhance Power-Sharing? Explaining Suriname’s Multiethnic Democracy. Ethnopolitics, 19(1), 64–84.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17449057.2019.1590078

Vergani, M., & Tacchi, E. M. (2016). When Catholics turn right: The effects of the Islamic terrorism threat on the fragmented Catholic Italian voters. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 42(11), 1885–1903.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2015.1112258

5.2 Normative views

Horowitz, D. L. (1993). The Challenge of Ethnic Conflict: Democracy in Divided Societies. Journal of Democracy, 4(4), 18–38.
https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.1993.0054

Hoskin, M. B. (2013). Democracy in the Multiethnic Society. In R. Sigel & M. B. Hoskin (Eds.), Education for Democratic Citizenship: A Challenge for Multi-ethnic Societies. Routledge.

O’Flynn, I. (2007). Divided Societies and Deliberative Democracy. British Journal of Political Science, 37(4), 731–751.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123407000397

Reilly, B. (2012). Institutional Designs for Diverse Democracies: Consociationalism, Centripetalism and Communalism Compared. European Political Science, 11(2), 259–270.
https://doi.org/10.1057/eps.2011.36

Stojanovic, N. (2011). Limits of consociationalism and possible alternatives: Centripetal effects of direct democracy in a multiethnic society. Transitions, 51(1–2), 99–114.

Stojanović, N. (2020). Democracy, ethnoicracy and consociational demoicracy. International Political Science Review, 41(1), 30–43.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512119881730

Stojanović, N., & Bonotti, M. (2020). Political Parties in Deeply Multilingual Polities: Institutional Conditions and Lessons for the EU. Journal of Common Market Studies, 58(3), 599–615.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12944

van Parijs, P. (2000). Must Europe be Belgian? On democratic citizenship in multilingual polities. In C. McKinnon & I. Hampsher-Monk (Eds.), The Demands of Citizenship (pp. 235–254). Bloomsbury Academic.
https://doi.org/10.5040/9781474213035.ch-011

6. POLITICAL PARTIES IN TRANSNATIONAL DEMOCRACY

Collard, S., & Webb, P. (2020). UK Parties Abroad and Expatriate Voters: The Brexit Backlash. Parliamentary Affairs, 73(4), 856–873.
https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsaa040

Gauja, A. (2020). ‘Temporarily’ Abroad: Partisan Organisation and Mobilisation outside Australia. Parliamentary Affairs, 73(4), 874–886.
https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsaa042

Kalu, V., & Scarrow, S. E. (2020). US Parties Abroad: Partisan Mobilising in a Federal Context. Parliamentary Affairs, 73(4), 887–900.
https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsaa043

Kernalegenn, T., & van Haute, É. (Eds.). (2020). Political Parties Abroad: A New Arena for Party Politics (1st ed.). Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003015086

Rashkova, E. R. (2020). The Party Abroad: A New Modus Operandi for Political Parties. Parliamentary Affairs, 73(4), 839–855.
https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsaa039

7. GLOBAL DEMOCRACY

Aradau, C., & Huysmans, J. (2009). Mobilising (global) democracy: A political reading of mobility between universal rights and the mob. Millennium, 37(3), 583–604.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0305829809103234

Archibugi, D., Balduini, S., & Donati, M. (2013). The United Nations as an agency of global democracy. In Global Democracy (pp. 126–142). Routledge.

Archibugi, D., Koenig-Archibugi, M., & Marchetti, R. (2011a). Global Democracy: Normative and Empirical Perspectives. Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511977992

Archibugi, D., Koenig-Archibugi, M., & Marchetti, R. (2011b). Introduction: Mapping global democracy. In D. Archibugi, M. Koenig-Archibugi, & R. Marchetti (Eds.), Global Democracy Normative and Empirical Perspectives (pp. 1–21). Cambridge University Press.

Archibugi, D., Urbinati, N., Zürn, M., Marchetti, R., Macdonald, T., & Jacobs, D. (2010). Global democracy: A symposium on a new political hope. New Political Science, 32(1), 83–121.
https://doi.org/10.1080/07393140903492159

Biti, V. (2016). Tracing global democracy: Literature, theory, and the politics of trauma (Vol. 7). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110457643

Boswell, T., & Chase-Dunn, C. K. (2000). The spiral of capitalism and socialism: Toward global democracy. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9781685859213

Cavallero, E. (2009). Federative global democracy. Metaphilosophy, 40(1), 42–64.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9973.2009.01562.x

Cohen, J., & Sabel, C. F. (2005). Global Democracy. New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 37, 763.

Davies, T., Ryan, H. E., & Peña, A. M. (2016). Protest, social movements and global democracy since 2011: New perspectives. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
https://doi.org/10.1108/S0163-786X201639

Dingwerth, K. (2014). Global democracy and the democratic minimum: Why a procedural account alone is insufficient. European Journal of International Relations, 20(4), 1124–1147.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066113509116

Dryzek, J. S. (2008). Two paths to global democracy. Ethical Perspectives, 15(4), 469.
https://doi.org/10.2143/EP.15.4.2034392

Dryzek, J. S., & Stevenson, H. (2011). Global democracy and earth system governance. Ecological Economics, 70(11), 1865–1874.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.01.021

Erman, E. (2010). Why Adding Democratic Values is Not Enough for Global Democracy. In E. Erman & A. Uhlin (Eds.), Legitimacy Beyond the State? (pp. 173–193). Palgrave MacMIllan.
https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230283251_9

Erman, E. (2011). Human rights do not make global democracy. Contemporary Political Theory, 10(4), 463–481.
https://doi.org/10.1057/cpt.2010.36

Erman, E. (2016). Global political legitimacy beyond justice and democracy. International Theory, 8(1), 29–62.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1752971915000196

Erman, E. (2018). The Political Legitimacy of Global Governance and the Proper Role of Civil Society Actors. Res Publica, 24(1), 133–155.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11158-017-9386-x

Erman, E. (2019a). Does Global Democracy Require a World State? Philosophical Papers, 48(1), 123–153.
https://doi.org/Does Global Democracy Require a World State?

Erman, E. (2019b). The Democratization of Global Governance through Civil Society Actors and the Challenge from Political Equality. Critical Sociology, 45(6), 815–828.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0896920518790651

Erman, E. (2020). A Function-Sensitive Approach to the Political Legitimacy of Global Governance. British Journal of Political Science, 50(3), 1001–1024.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123417000850

Erman, E., & Follesdal, A. (2012). Multiple citizenship: Normative ideals and institutional challenges. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 15(3), 279–302.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2011.640484

Erman, E., & Kuyper, J. W. (2020). Global democracy and feasibility. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 23(3), 311–331.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2019.1565713

Eschle, C. (2002). Engendering global democracy. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 4(3), 315–341.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1461674022000031508

Eschle, C. (2018). Global Democracy, Social Movements, And Feminism. Routledge.

Galtung, J. (2000). Alternative models for global democracy. In B. Holden (Ed.), Global Democracy: Key Debates (pp. 143–161). Routledge.

Goodhart, M. (2005). Civil society and the problem of global democracy. Democratization, 12(1), 1–21.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1351034052000331072

Goodhart, M. (2008). Human rights and global democracy. Ethics & International Affairs, 22(4), 395–420.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2008.00177.x

Goodin, R. E. (2010). Global democracy: In the beginning. International Theory, 20(2), 175–209.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1752971910000060

Held, D., & Patomäki, H. (2006). Problems of global democracy: A dialogue. Theory, Culture & Society, 23(5), 115–133.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276406067102

Holden, B. (2002). Democracy and global warming. Continuum.

Holden, B. (Ed.). (2013). Global Democracy: Key Debates. Routledge.

Holland, E. (2006). Nomad citizenship and global democracy. In M. Fuglsang & B. M. Sorensen (Eds.), Deleuze and the Social (pp. 191–206). Oxford Academic.
https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748620920.003.0010

Klein, H. (2001). The feasibility of global democracy: Understanding ICANN’s at‐large election. Info, 3(4), 333–345.
https://doi.org/10.1108/14636690110801996

Koenig-Archibugi, M. (2011). Is global democracy possible? European Journal of International Relations, 17(3), 519–542.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066110366056

Lu, C. (2006). World government. In Stanfors Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
https://plato.stanford.edu/ENTRIES/world-government/

Marchetti, R. (2008). Global democracy: For and against: Ethical theory, institutional design and social struggles. Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203928806

Marchetti, R. (2012). Models of global democracy: In defence of cosmo-federalism. In D. Archibugi, M. Keonig-Archibugi, & R. Marchetti (Eds.), Global Democracy: Normative and Empirical Perspectives (pp. 22–46). Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511977992.002

Martin, G. T. (2019). Global Democracy and Human Self-Transcendence: The Power of the Future for Planetary Transformation. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Martin, H.-P., & Schumann, H. (1997). The global democracy. ZED Books.

Miller, D., & O’Neill, B. (2010). Against Global Democracy. In After the Nation? (pp. 141–160). Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230293175_8

Scholte, J. A. (2011). Building Global Democracy? - Civil Society and Accountable Global Governance. Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511921476

Slaughter, A.-M. (2000). Building Global Democracy. Chicago Journal of International Law, 1(2), 223.

Smith, J. (2004). The World Social Forum and the challenges of global democracy. Global Networks, 4(4), 413–421.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2004.00102.x

Smith, J. (2008). Social Movements for Global Democracy. Johns Hopkins University Press.

Smith, J., Karides, M., Becker, M., Brunelle, D., Chase-Dunn, C., & Della Porta, D. (2015). Global democracy and the world social forums. Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315636375

Tallberg, J., Uhlin, A., Archibugi, D., Koenig-Archibugi, M., & Marchetti, R. (2011). Civil Society and Global Democracy: An Assessment. In Global Democracy: Normative and Empirical Perspectives (pp. 210–232). Cambridge University Press.

Tännsjö, T. (2008). Global democracy: The case for a world government. Edinburgh University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9781474473040

Teune, H. (2002). Global democracy. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 581(1), 22–34.

Valentini, L. (2014). No Global Demos, No Global Democracy? A Systematization and Critique. Perspectives on Politics, 12(4), 789–807.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592714002138

Wejnert, B. (2014). Diffusion of democracy: The past and future of global democracy. Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107110984

Willetts, P. (2006). The Cardoso Report on the UN and civil society: Functionalism, global corporatism, or global democracy? Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 12(3), 305–324.
https://doi.org/10.1163/19426720-01203006

8. RELIGION AND VOTING

Dancygier, R. M. (2014). Electoral Rules or Electoral Leverage? Explaining Muslim Representation in England. World Politics, 66(2), 229–263.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887114000021

Dancygier, R. M. (2017). Dilemmas of Inclusion: Muslims in European Politics. Princeton University Press.
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1vwmgf2

Laxer, E., Reitz, J. G., & Simon, P. (2020). Muslims’ political and civic incorporation in France and Canada: Testing models of participation. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 46(17), 3677–3702.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2019.1620418

Moutselos, M. (2020). Praying on Friday, voting on Sunday? Mosque attendance and voter turnout in three West European democracies. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 46(11), 2275–2292.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2019.1662283